19 results on '"Yu-Ting Tsao"'
Search Results
2. Protocol for assessing total antioxidant capacity in minimal volumes of varying clinical human samples
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Yu-Ting Tsao, Yi-Jen Hsueh, Hung-Chi Chen, and Chao-Min Cheng
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Clinical Protocol ,Metabolism ,Biotechnology and bioengineering ,Chemistry ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Summary: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), representative of the capacity to combat oxidative stress, is closely linked to numerous diseases. Here, we present a protocol for measuring TAC using minimal samples that are stable across varying pH levels and at room temperature. We describe steps for preparing and loading samples and working solutions and conducting and analyzing the colorimetric reaction. Sample sources include aqueous humor, vitreous, tears, and plasma, which allow the protocol to be used in various clinical diagnostic settings.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to publications by Tsao et al. (2022).1,2 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
3. Small-volume detection: platform developments for clinically-relevant applications
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Wei-Hsuan Sung, Yu-Ting Tsao, Ching-Ju Shen, Chia-Ying Tsai, and Chao-Min Cheng
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Abstract Biochemical analysis of human body fluids is a frequent and fruitful strategy for disease diagnosis. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics offers the tantalizing possibility of providing rapid diagnostic results in non-laboratory settings. Successful diagnostic testing using body fluids has been reported on in the literature; however, small-volume detection devices, which offer remarkable advantages such as portability, inexpensiveness, capacity for mass production, and tiny sample volume requirements have not been thoroughly discussed. Here, we review progress in this research field, with a focus on developments since 2015. In this review article, we provide a summary of articles that have detailed the development of small-volume detection strategies using clinical samples over the course of the last 5 years. Topics covered include small-volume detection strategies in ophthalmology, dermatology or plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. In ophthalmology, advances in technology could be applied to examine tear or anterior chamber (AC) fluid for glucose, lactoferrin, interferon, or VEGF. These approaches could impact detection and care for diseases including diabetic mellitus, dry-eye disease, and age-related maculopathy. Early detection and easy monitoring are critical approaches for improving overall care and outcome. In dermatology or plastic surgery, small-volume detection strategies have been applied for passive or interactive wound dressing, wound healing monitoring, and blister fluid analysis for autoimmune disease diagnosis. In otolaryngology, the analysis of nasal secretions and mucosa could be used to differentiate between allergic responses and infectious diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis could be applied in neurodegenerative diseases, central neural system infection and tumor diagnosis. Other small-volume fluids that have been analyzed for diagnostic and monitoring purposes include semen and cervico-vaginal fluids. We include more details regarding each of these fluids, associated collection and detection devices, and approaches in our review.
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- 2021
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4. Analysis of aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity and its correlation with corneal endothelial health
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Yu‐Ting Tsao, Wei‐Chi Wu, Kuan‐Jen Chen, Lung‐Kun Yeh, Yih‐Shiou Hwang, Yi‐Jen Hsueh, Hung‐Chi Chen, and Chao‐Min Cheng
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aqueous humor ,ascorbic acid ,cornea ,corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) ,proteomics ,total antioxidant capacity (TAC) ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Abstract Corneal endothelial decompensation is a serious condition that frequently requires treatment via corneal transplantation which contributes to a global shortage in donor corneas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity (TAC) on corneal endothelial health. There is an urgent need for discovering protective factors to combat corneal endothelial cell (CEC) loss. For methods, we developed a cupric ion‐based TAC (CuTAC) assay to analyze TAC level in a small volume of aqueous humor, that is, 10 μL per test, and examined the influences of ascorbic acid (AA) and antioxidant proteins on aqueous humor TAC. To broaden the investigation, we conducted a case–control study with patients classified into two groups, an insufficient endothelial cell density (ECD
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Point‐of‐care semen analysis of patients with infertility via smartphone and colorimetric paper‐based diagnostic device
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Yu‐Ting Tsao, Chung‐Yao Yang, Yun‐Chiao Wen, Ting‐Chang Chang, Koji Matsuura, Yu Chen, and Chao‐Min Cheng
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infertility ,MTT ,paper‐based diagnostic device ,point‐of‐care ,semen analysis ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Abstract Male infertility affects millions of males worldwide and is rising in prevalence due to social and environmental conditions. However, men often feel too embarrassed to receive a semen analysis in the hospital due to social stigmas. To overcome this problem, we developed a 3‐(4,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide test strip to distinguish semen samples with low total motile sperm concentration from those with normal motile sperm concentration. This is a point‐of‐care colorimetric semen analytical method with a one‐step, inexpensive, equipment‐free evaluation process, and adequate accuracy validated in a 42‐sample clinical trial. In this study, results were evaluated visually and with a smartphone application. Using visual observation methods, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.71 (95% of confidence interval = 0.55–0.86; p = 0.021), sensitivity was 41%, specificity was 95%, positive predictive value was 90%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 59.4%, and accuracy was 67%. Using a smartphone recording and analytical system, AUC was 0.766 (95% of confidence interval = 0.612–0.92; p = 0.003), sensitivity was 96%, specificity was 65%, PPV was 75%, NPV was 92.9%, and accuracy was 80.9%. This work demonstrated a screening tool that could elevate semen analysis to the level of routine healthcare and provide for private, in‐home self‐assessment.
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- 2021
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6. An Assessment of Cataract Severity Based on Antioxidant Status and Ascorbic Acid Levels in Aqueous Humor
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Yu-Ting Tsao, Wei-Chi Wu, Kuan-Jen Chen, Chun-Fu Liu, Yi-Jen Hsueh, Chao-Min Cheng, and Hung-Chi Chen
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cataract ,total antioxidant capacity ,ascorbic acid ,cataract severity ,cataract prevention ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness throughout the world. Currently, the cataract severity evaluation is based on the subjective LOCS III guideline. To ameliorate the evaluation system and develop an objective and quantitative analysis, we investigated the relationships among aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity (AqTAC), ascorbic acid (AqAA) concentration, and cataract severity. In this study, we enrolled 130 cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification between April 2019 and March 2020. The AqTAC and AqAA were measured by our own developed TAC assay and commercially available kit. Cataract severity was recorded by nuclear opalescence (NO) and cortical cataract (CC) degree according to LOCS III. Cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) during phacoemulsification was recorded to verify the severity of the cataract. As a result, we found a moderate correlation between AqTAC and CDE (p < 0.001). In addition, we found AqTAC independently associated with the CDE when analyzed by multivariate linear regression (p < 0.001). AqTAC also negatively correlated to cataract severity when measured by NO and CC (p = 0.012 in NO grade 3 vs. grade 1; p = 0.012 in CC grade 2 vs. grade 1; p < 0.001 in CC grade 3 vs. grade 1). We further found AqAA provided 71.9 ± 13.5% of AqTAC, and showed a high correlation (rho = 0.79, p < 0.001). In conclusion, we found a significant correlation between AqTAC/AqAA and cataract severity measured by CDE. The correlation was superior to the correlation between LOCS III and CDE. Aqueous humor TAC owns the potential to assess cataracts in an objective and quantitative way.
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- 2022
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7. The Pathomechanism, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Related Eye Diseases
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Yi-Jen Hsueh, Yen-Ning Chen, Yu-Ting Tsao, Chao-Min Cheng, Wei-Chi Wu, and Hung-Chi Chen
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oxidative stress ,ocular diseases ,antioxidant biomarkers ,antioxidant therapy ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important pathomechanism found in numerous ocular degenerative diseases. To provide a better understanding of the mechanism and treatment of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance-induced ocular diseases, this article summarizes and provides updates on the relevant research. We review the oxidative damage (e.g., lipid peroxidation, DNA lesions, autophagy, and apoptosis) that occurs in different areas of the eye (e.g., cornea, anterior chamber, lens, retina, and optic nerve). We then introduce the antioxidant mechanisms present in the eye, as well as the ocular diseases that occur as a result of antioxidant imbalances (e.g., keratoconus, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma), the relevant antioxidant biomarkers, and the potential of predictive diagnostics. Finally, we discuss natural antioxidant therapies for oxidative stress-related ocular diseases.
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- 2022
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8. Detection of Microorganisms in Body Fluids via MTT-PMS Assay
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Cheng-Han Chen, Yu-Ting Tsao, Po-Ting Yeh, Yu-Hsiang Liao, Yi-Tzu Lee, Wan-Ting Liao, Yung-Chih Wang, Ching-Fen Shen, and Chao-Min Cheng
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MTT-PMS assay ,bacterial detection ,point-of-care testing ,infectious diseases ,human body fluids ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Early detection of microorganisms is essential for the management of infectious diseases. However, this is challenging, as traditional culture methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-phenazine methosulfate (MTT-PMS) assay has been used to evaluate the metabolic activity in live cells and can thus be used for detecting living microorganisms. With the addition of NaOH and Tris-EDTA, the same approach can be accelerated (within 15 min) and used for the quick detection of common bacterial pathogens. The assay results can be evaluated colorimetrically or semi-quantitatively. Here, the quick detection by MTT-PMS assay was further investigated. The assay had a detection limit of approximately 104 CFU/mL. In clinical evaluations, we used the MTT-PMS assay to detect clinical samples and bacteriuria (>105 CFU/mL). The negative predictive value of the MTT-PMS assay for determining bacteriuria was 79.59% but was 100% when the interference of abnormal blood was excluded. Thus, the MTT-PMS assay might be a potential “rule-out” tool for bacterial detection in clinical samples, at a cost of approximately USD 1 per test. Owing to its low cost, rapid results, and easy-to-use characteristics, the MTT-PMS assay may be a potential tool for microorganism detection.
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- 2021
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9. Urinalysis Using a Diaper-Based Testing Device
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Wei-Hsuan Sung, Ching-Yi Liu, Chung-Yao Yang, Cheng-Han Chen, Yu-Ting Tsao, Ching-Fen Shen, and Chao-Min Cheng
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urinary tract infection ,UTI ,urinalysis ,diaper-based testing device ,pH ,leukocyte ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI), one of the most common bacterial infections, annually affect 150 million people worldwide. Infants and the elderly are likely to have missed or delayed diagnosis of UTI due to difficulty clearly describing their symptoms. A rapid screening method for UTI is a critical and urgent need for these populations. The aim of our study is to develop a diaper-based testing device to assay urine biomarkers including pH, leukocyte, and nitrite level. This all-in-one device assists in urine collection and testing using a colorimetric approach to provide easily read visual results on the outside surface of a test strip-integrated diaper. In this study, we tested samples from 46 patients using testing strips and examined the results from 7 patients recruited to validate the strip-integrated diaper. In conclusion, this new diaper-based testing device is easy to use, rapid, and inexpensive, all of which imbue it with tremendous potential for development into a commercially viable UTI screening system.
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- 2020
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10. Comparison of Phacoemulsification with and without Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stent in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Normal Tension Glaucoma Population, 18 Months Outcome
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Yu-Ting Tsao, Po-Han Yeh, and Wei-Wen Su
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Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of first-generation iStent combined with phacoemulsification (phaco-iStent) versus phacoemulsification alone in Taiwanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods This retrospective case-control study included POAG or NTG patients who underwent phaco-iStent or phacoemulsification alone between January 2018 and December 2020. The primary outcome measures included changes in estimated washout IOP (ewIOP), unwashed intraocular pressure (uwIOP), and the number of antiglaucoma medications. Additional efficacy evaluations included the proportion of eyes with surgical success. This study also conducted subgroup analysis for POAG and NTG. Results A total of 24 eyes in the iStent group (POAG: 16; NTG: 8) and 47 eyes in the control group (POAG: 29; NTG: 19) were enrolled. The iStent group showed a more significant decrease in ewIOP compared to the control group throughout the 18-month follow-up, with significant differences at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months (-15.06~-21.92% vs. +1.66~-4.73%, P value = 0.005 ~ 0.045). After adjusting for confounding factors, the generalized estimating equation for ewIOP remained significant (β= -16.083, P value P value = 0.001 and 53.3% vs. 0%, P = 0.002, respectively), and the NTG-iStent subgroup showed the highest complete success rate (85.7% at 18 months). Conclusions Phaco-iStent is an effective treatment option for Taiwanese patients with POAG and NTG. It offers significant IOP reduction and higher success rates, especially in NTG eyes.
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- 2023
11. The Pathomechanism, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Related Eye Diseases
- Author
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Yi-Jen Hsueh, Yen-Ning Chen, Yu-Ting Tsao, Chao-Min Cheng, Wei-Chi Wu, and Hung-Chi Chen
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genetic structures ,Eye Diseases ,QH301-705.5 ,Eye ,Catalysis ,Antioxidants ,Cataract ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Macular Degeneration ,Lens, Crystalline ,Humans ,Biology (General) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,ocular diseases ,antioxidant biomarkers ,Organic Chemistry ,Glaucoma ,General Medicine ,eye diseases ,Computer Science Applications ,Chemistry ,Oxidative Stress ,antioxidant therapy ,sense organs ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important pathomechanism found in numerous ocular degenerative diseases. To provide a better understanding of the mechanism and treatment of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance-induced ocular diseases, this article summarizes and provides updates on the relevant research. We review the oxidative damage (e.g., lipid peroxidation, DNA lesions, autophagy, and apoptosis) that occurs in different areas of the eye (e.g., cornea, anterior chamber, lens, retina, and optic nerve). We then introduce the antioxidant mechanisms present in the eye, as well as the ocular diseases that occur as a result of antioxidant imbalances (e.g., keratoconus, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma), the relevant antioxidant biomarkers, and the potential of predictive diagnostics. Finally, we discuss natural antioxidant therapies for oxidative stress-related ocular diseases.
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- 2021
12. Bioengineering of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells from Single- to Four-Dimensional Cultures
- Author
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Hung-Chi Chen, Wei-Chi Wu, Chao-Min Cheng, and Yu-Ting Tsao
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0301 basic medicine ,Scaffold ,business.industry ,Endothelial tissue ,Cell ,Injection therapy ,Treatment options ,eye diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ophthalmology ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tissue engineering ,In vivo ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Corneal endothelial cell ,sense organs ,business - Abstract
To summarize the recent advances of clinical and preclinical studies for corneal endothelial tissue bioengineering. The challenges facing the generation of a clinical applicable corneal endothelial graft can be broadly classified into cell source selection, culture medium optimization, scaffold establishment, and the following three- and four-dimensional (4D) corneal construction. Based on the current advances in primary human corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) culture and good manufacturing practice (GMP)–compliant medium development, the first clinical trial of bioengineered HCEC injection therapy has been conducted with encouraging results. Other significant findings include the in vivo experiments of the stem cell–derived HCEC, the development of serum-, xeno-, and additive-free media, and the construction of 4D scaffold. It can be anticipated that tissue engineering–based therapy toward corneal endothelial diseases will replace the current keratoplasty method as a promising treatment option in the near future.
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- 2020
13. Analysis of aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity and its correlation with corneal endothelial health
- Author
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Kuan-Jen Chen, Lung-Kun Yeh, Hung-Chi Chen, Wei-Chi Wu, Yu-Ting Tsao, Yih-Shiou Hwang, Chao-Min Cheng, and Yi-Jen Hsueh
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Research Report ,Antioxidant ,genetic structures ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biomedical Engineering ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Aqueous humor ,RM1-950 ,Pharmacology ,corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) ,proteomics ,Chemical engineering ,Cornea ,cornea ,medicine ,Corneal transplantation ,Small volume ,Chemistry ,total antioxidant capacity (TAC) ,Research Reports ,Ascorbic acid ,eye diseases ,Endothelial cell density ,Antioxidant capacity ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,ascorbic acid ,TP155-156 ,sense organs ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,aqueous humor ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Corneal endothelial decompensation is a serious condition that frequently requires treatment via corneal transplantation which contributes to a global shortage in donor corneas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity (TAC) on corneal endothelial health. There is an urgent need for discovering protective factors to combat corneal endothelial cell (CEC) loss. For methods, we developed a cupric ion‐based TAC (CuTAC) assay to analyze TAC level in a small volume of aqueous humor, that is, 10 μL per test, and examined the influences of ascorbic acid (AA) and antioxidant proteins on aqueous humor TAC. To broaden the investigation, we conducted a case–control study with patients classified into two groups, an insufficient endothelial cell density (ECD
- Published
- 2021
14. Author response for 'Analysis of aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity and its correlation with corneal endothelial health'
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Lung‐Kun Yeh, Wei-Chi Wu, Hung-Chi Chen, Yih-Shiou Hwang, Yu-Ting Tsao, Chao-Min Cheng, Hsueh Yi-Jen, and Kuan-Jen Chen
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Antioxidant capacity ,Chemistry ,Aqueous humor ,Pharmacology - Published
- 2020
15. Author response for 'Point‐of‐care semen analysis of patients with infertility via smartphone and colorimetric paper‐based diagnostic device'
- Author
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Yu-Ting Tsao, Chao-Min Cheng, Yun-Chiao Wen, Ting-Chang Chang, Koji Matsuura, Chung-Yao Yang, and Yu Chen
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Infertility ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine ,Medical physics ,Paper based ,Semen analysis ,medicine.disease ,business ,Point of care - Published
- 2020
16. Differential Markers of Bacterial and Viral Infections in Children for Point-of-Care Testing
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Yu Ting Tsao, Ching Ju Shen, Ching Fen Shen, Wan Ting Liao, Yao Hung Tsai, and Chao-Min Cheng
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0301 basic medicine ,host transcriptional signature ,Protein biomarkers ,medicine.drug_class ,Point-of-care testing ,Antibiotics ,Review ,Viral infection ,Diagnosis, Differential ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,point-of-care testing (POCT) ,Humans ,Multiplex ,Child ,Molecular Biology ,business.industry ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,bacterial infection ,Age Factors ,Bacterial Infections ,multiplex ,030104 developmental biology ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Virus Diseases ,Immunology ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Molecular Medicine ,viral infection ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Children suffering from infectious diseases, both bacterial and viral, are often treated with empirical antibiotics. Keeping in mind both the menace of microorganisms and antibiotic toxicity, it is imperative to develop point-of-care testing (POCT) to discriminate bacterial from viral infections, and to define indications for antibiotic treatment. This article reviews potential protein biomarkers and host-derived gene expression signatures for differentiating between bacterial and viral infections in children, and focuses on emerging multiplex POCT devices for the simultaneous detection of sets of protein biomarkers or streamlined gene expression signatures that may provide rapid and cost-effective pathogen-discriminating tools., Highlights Bacteria and viruses activate or inhibit different signaling pathways in the cells they infect, and further give rise to different host transcriptional signatures as well as to unique protein biomarkers. Many of the newly evaluated protein biomarkers, especially in combination, have better discriminative value for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections than the biomarkers that are currently used for examining infections in children. The transcriptomes of children undergo remarkable changes when they are infected by different types of bacteria and viruses. Approaches based on host-derived DNA/RNA signatures can accurately discriminate bacterial from viral infections. Emerging multiplex POCT techniques allow simultaneous testing of protein- or gene-based biomarkers in an outpatient setting.
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- 2020
17. Paper-Based ELISA: A Novel Diagnostic Approach for Monitoring Aqueous Humour VEGF Level in Ocular Diseases
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Hung-Chi Chen, Chao-Min Cheng, Min-Yen Hsu, Yu-Ting Tsao, and Wei-Hsuan Sung
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medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Aqueous humour ,business.industry ,Ophthalmology ,VEGF receptors ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Paper based ,business ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) - Published
- 2019
18. List of Contributors
- Author
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Takahiro Arakawa, Hongmei Bi, Chao-Min Cheng, Akihiro Chiba, Shih-Wen Chiu, Ting-I Chou, Kana Eguchi, Shunsuke Furutani, Xiaojun Han, Kenshi Hayashi, Satoshi Hiyama, Jen-Hsuan Hsiao, Chun-Jen Huang, Kazunori Ikebukuro, Satoshi Ikeda, Gaku Imamura, Narushi Ito, Wataru Iwasaki, Ryohei Kanzaki, Junichi Kodate, Izumi Kubo, Hisashi Kurasawa, Ryoji Kurita, Chuanjun Liu, Yasuko Yamada Maruo, Hiroaki Matsuura, Kosuke Minami, Kohji Mitsubayashi, Hidefumi Mitsuno, Mariko Miyashita, Fumio Mizutani, Nobutomo Morita, Kuniaki Nagamine, Maria Portia Briones Nagata, Hiroshi Nakashima, Huynh Thien Ngo, Osamu Niwa, Takeshi Sakurai, Fumihiro Sassa, Kota Shiba, Masato Suzuki, Kea-Tiong Tang, Shizuo Tokito, Koji Toma, Yu-Ting Tsao, Shingo Tsukada, Kaori Tsukakoshi, Kinuko Ueno, Yuko Ueno, Chung-Yao Yang, Tomoyuki Yasukawa, and Genki Yoshikawa
- Published
- 2019
19. Design, application, and integration of paper-based sensors with the Internet of Things
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Chung-Yao Yang, Yu-Ting Tsao, Jen-Hsuan Hsiao, and Chao-Min Cheng
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Multimedia ,SIMPLE (military communications protocol) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Volume (computing) ,Paper based ,computer.software_genre ,Field (computer science) ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Software portability ,The Internet ,Internet of Things ,business ,computer - Abstract
Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are simple, convenient, and portable devices that can detect selected substances and quickly display results. PADs are being adopted at increasing rates for use in an expanding array of fields including biochemistry, drug test assaying, and environmental analysis. Compared with traditional analytical methodology, PADs provide several advantages including the following: (1) the capacity for easy mass production; (2) portability; (3) low cost; and (4) small sample volume requirements. These features position PADs as significantly useful tools in rural areas and developing countries, where sophisticated laboratories are limited. In addition to these advantages, PADs offer great potential for integration with the Internet and new artificial intelligence technology. Integrating what may be called “lab-on-a-paper” technology with the Internet of Things offers new opportunities for individuals, in the lab, in the field, and even at home, to carry out advanced examinations and analyses of a variety of things including point-of-care health diagnostics, health status, and environmental quality. In this way, PADs can significantly improve quality of life for a great number of people.
- Published
- 2019
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